NCERT Solutions for Exercise 7.3 Class 12 Maths Chapter 7 - Integrals

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths chapter 7 exercise 7.3 is another exercise of the NCERT syllabus chapter integrals. It exposes students to some higher level of problems of integrals which includes complex trigonometric functions. Exercise 7.3 Class 12 Maths can be directly solved by students here only to understand the concepts well. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths chapter 7 exercise 7.3 provided below are holistic in nature and have been prepared by experienced faculties. NCERT solutions for exercise 7.3 Class 12 Maths chapter 7 cannot be neglected to perform better in exams like JEE Main. Students can have a look at the NCERT chapter exercises below.

  • Integrals Exercise 7.1

  • Integrals Exercise 7.2

  • Integrals Exercise 7.4

  • Integrals Exercise 7.5

  • Integrals Exercise 7.6

  • Integrals Exercise 7.7

  • Integrals Exercise 7.8

  • Integrals Exercise 7.9

  • Integrals Exercise 7.10

  • Integrals Exercise 7.11

  • Integrals Miscellaneous Exercise

Integrals Class 12 Chapter 7 Exercise: 7.3

Question:1 Find the integrals of the functions \sin ^ 2 ( 2x+ 5 )

Answer:

\sin ^ 2 ( 2x+ 5 )

using the trigonometric identity

sin^2x=\frac{1-cos2x}{2}

we can write the given question as

= \frac{1-\cos 2(2x+5)}{2} = \frac{1-\cos (4x+10)}{2}
\\=\int \frac{1-\cos (4x+10)}{2}dx\\ =\frac{1}{2}\int dx - \frac{1}{2}\int \cos(4x+10)dx\\ =\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}[\sin(4x+10)/4]\\ =\frac{x}{2}-\frac{\sin(4x+10)}{8}+C

Question:2 Find the integrals of the functions \sin 3x \cos 4x

Answer:

Using identity \sin A\cos B = 1/2[sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)]

, therefore the given integral can be written as

\int \sin 3x\cos 4x=\frac{1}{2}\int sin(3x+4x)+sin(3x-4x)\ dx

=\frac{1}{2}\int sin(7x)-sin(x)\ dx\\ =1/2[\int \sin (7x) dx-\int \sin x\ dx]\\ =\frac{1}{2}[(-1/7)\cos 7x+\cos x+ C]\\ = \frac{\cos x}{2}-\frac{\cos 7x}{14}+C

Question:3 Find the integrals of the functions \cos 2x \cos 4x \cos 6x

Answer:

Using identity
cosAcosB = \frac{1}{2}[cos(A+B)+cos(A-B)]

\int \cos 2x.\cos 4x.\cos 6x = \int \cos 2x. \frac{1}{2}[(\cos 10x)+\cos 2x]dx

Again use the same identity mentioned in the first line

\\= \frac{1}{2}\int (\cos 2x.\cos 10x+\cos 2x. \cos 2x)dx\\ =\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{1}{2}({\cos12x +\cos 8x})dx+\frac{1}{2}\int (\frac{1+\cos 4x}{2})dx\\ =\frac{\sin 12x}{48}+\frac{\sin 8x}{32}+\frac{\sin 4x}{16}+ x/4+C

Question:4 Find the integrals of the functions \sin ^ 3 ( 2x +1 )

Answer:

\int \sin^3(2x+1)dx = \int \sin^2(2x+1).\sin(2x+1)dx

The integral can be written as

= \int (1-\cos^2(2x+1)).\sin(2x+1)dx
Let
\\\cos (2x+1) =t\\ \sin (2x+1)dx = -dt/2

\\=\frac{-1}{2}\int (1-t^2)dt\\ =\frac{-1}{2}[t-t^3/3]\\ =\frac{t^3}{6}-\frac{t}{2}

Now, replace the value of t, we get;

=\frac{\cos^3(2x+1)}{6}-\frac{\cos(2x+1)}{2}+C

Question:5 Find the integrals of the functions \sin ^3 x \cos ^ 3 x

Answer:

I = \int \sin^3x.\cos^3x\ dx

rewrite the integral as follows

\\=\int cos^3x.sin^2x.\sin x\ dx\\ =\int cos^3x(1-\cos^2x)\sin x\ dx
Let \cos x = t \Rightarrow \sin x dx =-dt

\\=-\int t^3(1-t^2)dt\\ =-\int(t^3-t^5)dt\\ =-[\frac{t^4}{4}]+[\frac{t^6}{6}] +C\\ =\frac{\cos^6x}{6}-\frac{cos^4x}{4}+C ......(replace the value of t as cos\ x )

Question:6 Find the integrals of the functions \sin x \sin 2x \sin 3x

Answer:

Using the formula
sinAsinB=\frac{1}{2}(cos(A-B)-cos(A+B))

we can write the integral as follows

\int \sin x.\sin 2x\sin 3x\ dx = \int \sin x\frac{1}{2}[\cos x-\cos 5x]dx
\\=\frac{1}{2} \int [\sin x.\cos x-\sin x.\cos 5x]dx\\ =\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{\sin 2x}{2}dx-\frac{1}{2}\int \sin x. \cos 5x\ dx\\ =-\frac{\cos 2x}{8}-\frac{1}{4}\int[\sin 6x -\sin 4x]\\ =-\frac{\cos 2x}{8}-\frac{1}{4}[\frac{-\cos 6x}{6}+\frac{\cos 4x}{4}]\\ =-\frac{\cos 2x}{8}+\frac{\cos 6x}{24}-\frac{\cos 4x}{16}+C

Question:7 Find the integrals of the functions \sin 4x \sin 8x

Answer:

Using identity

sinAsinB=\frac{1}{2}(cos(A-B)-cos(A+B))

we can write the following integral as

\sin 4x \sin 8x =
\\=\frac{1}{2}\int(\cos 4x - \cos 12x) dx\\ =\frac{1}{2} [\int\cos 4x\ dx - \int \cos 12x\ dx]\\ =\frac{\sin 4x}{8}-\frac{\sin 12x}{24}+C

Question:8 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{1- \cos x }{1+ \cos x }

Answer:

We know the identities

\\1+\cos 2A = 2\cos^2A\\ 1-\cos 2A = 2\sin^2 A

Using the above relations we can write

\frac{1-\cos x}{1+\cos x}=\frac{\sin^2x/2}{\cos^2x/2} = \tan^2x/2

=\int \tan^2x/2 =\int (\sec^2x/2-1)dx
\\=\int (\sec^2x/2)dx-\int dx\\ = 2[\tan x/2]-{x}+C

Question:9 Find the integrals of the functions \frac {\cos x }{1 + \cos x }

Answer:

The integral is rewritten using trigonometric identities

\frac{\cos x}{1+ \cos x}= \frac{\cos^2x/2-\sin^2x/2}{2\cos^2x/2} =\frac{1}{2}[1-\tan^2x/2]
\\=\int \frac{1}{2}[1-\tan^2x/2] dx\\ =\frac{1}{2}\int 1-[sec^2\frac{x}{2}-1]=\frac{1}{2}\int 2-sec^2\frac{x}{2}\\=x-tan\frac{x}{2}+c

Question:10 Find the integrals of the functions \sin ^ 4 x

Answer:

\sin ^ 4 x can be written as follows using trigonometric identities
\\=\sin^2x.\sin^2x\\ =\frac{1}{4}(1-\cos 2x)^{2}\\ =\frac{1}{4}(1+\cos^22x-2\cos 2x)\\ =\frac{1}{4}(1+\frac{1}{2}(1+\cos 4x)-2\cos 2x)\\ =3/8+\frac{\cos 4x}{8}-\frac{\cos 2x}{2}

Therefore,
\Rightarrow \int \sin^4x\ dx = \int \frac{3}{8}dx+\frac{1}{8}\int\cos 4x\ dx -\frac{1}{2}\int\cos 2x\ dx
= \frac{3x}{8}+\frac{\sin 4x}{32} -\frac{\sin 2x}{4}+C

Question:11 Find the integrals of the functions \cos ^ 4 2x

Answer:

cos^42x=cos^32xcos2x

now using the identity

cos^3x=\frac{cos3x+3cosx}{4}

cos^32xcos2x=\frac{cos6x +3cos2x}{4}cos2x=\frac{cos6xcos2x+3cos^22x}{4}

now using the below two identities

cosacosb=\frac{cos(a+b)+cos(a-b)}{2}\\and\ cos^22x=\frac{1+cos4x}{2}\\

the value

cos^42x=cos^32xcos2x\\=\frac{cos6xcos2x+3cos^22x}{4}=\frac{cos 4x+cos8x}{8}+\frac{3}{4}\frac{1+cos4x}{2} .

the integral of the given function can be written as

\int cos^42x=\int \frac{cos 4x+cos8x}{8}+\int \frac{3}{4}\frac{1+cos4x}{2}\\ \\=\frac{3}{8}x+\frac{sin4x}{8}+\frac{sin8x}{64}+C

Question:12 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{\sin ^ 2x }{1+ \cos x }

Answer:

Using trigonometric identities we can write the given integral as follows.

\frac{\sin ^ 2x }{1+ \cos x }

\\=\frac{4\sin^2\frac{x}{2}\cos^2\frac{x}{2}}{2\cos^2\frac{x}{2}}\\ =2\sin^2\frac{x}{2}\\ =1-\cos x

\therefore \int \frac{sin^22x}{1+\cos x} = \int (1-\cos x)dx
\\= \int 1dx-\int\cos x\ dx\\ =x-\sin x+C

Question:13 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{\cos 2x - \cos 2 \alpha }{\cos x - \cos \alpha }

Answer:

We know that,

\cos A-\cos B = -2\sin(\frac{A+B}{2})\sin(\frac{A-B}{2})

Using this identity we can rewrite the given integral as

\frac{\cos 2x-\cos 2\alpha }{\cos x-\cos\alpha}=\frac{-2\sin\frac{2x+2\alpha}{2}\sin\frac{2x-2\alpha}{2}}{-2\sin\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\sin\frac{x-\alpha}{2}}

\\=\frac{\sin(x+\alpha)\sin(x-\alpha)}{\sin\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\sin\frac{x-\alpha}{2}}\\ =\frac{[2\sin\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\cos \frac{x+\alpha}{2}][2\sin\frac{x-\alpha}{2}\cos\frac{x-\alpha}{2}]}{\sin\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\sin\frac{x-\alpha}{2}}\\ =4\cos\frac{x+\alpha}{2}\cos\frac{x-\alpha}{2}\\ =2[\cos x+\cos \alpha]

\therefore \int\frac{\cos 2x-\cos 2\alpha }{\cos x-\cos\alpha}=\int 2\cos x\ dx +\int 2\cos \alpha\ dx
=2[\sin x + x\cos \alpha]+C

Question:14 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{\cos x - \sin x }{1+ \sin 2x }

Answer:

\frac{\cos x-\sin x}{1+2\sin x}=\frac{\cos x-\sin x}{(sin^2x+cos^2x)+2 sin x.\cos x}
=\frac{\cos x-\sin x}{(\sin x+\cos x)^2}


\\sin x+\cos x =t\\ \therefore (\cos x-\sin x)dx = dt

Now,
=\int \frac{dt}{t^2}\\ =\int t^-2\ dt\\ =-t^{-1}+C\\ =-\frac{1}{(\sin x+\cos x)}+C

Question:15 Find the integrals of the functions \tan ^ 3 2x \sec 2x

Answer:

\tan^32x.\sec 2x = \tan^22x.\tan 2x.\sec 2x
\\= (\sec^22x-1).\tan 2x.\sec 2x\\ =\sec^22x.\tan 2x-\tan 2x.\sec 2x

Therefore integration of \tan ^ 3 2x \sec 2x =
\\=\int\sec^22x.\tan 2x\ dx-\int\tan 2x.\sec 2x\ dx\\ =\int\sec^22x.\tan 2x\ dx-\sec 2x/2+C\\ .....................(i)
Let assume

\sec 2x = t
So, that 2\sec 2x.\tan 2x\ dx =dt
Now, the equation (i) becomes,

\\\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\int t^2\ dt-\frac{\sec 2x}{2}+C\\ \Rightarrow \frac{t^3}{6}-\frac{\sec 2x}{2}+C\\ =\frac{(\sec 2x)^3}{6}-\frac{\sec 2x}{2}+C

Question:16 Find the integrals of the functions \tan ^ 4x

Answer:

the given question can be rearranged using trigonometric identities

tan^4x=(\sec^2x-1).\tan^2x\\ =\sec^2x.\tan^2x-\tan^2x\\ =\sec^2x.\tan^2x-\sec^2x+1

Therefore, the integration of \tan^4x = \\=\int \sec^2x.\tan^2x\ dx-\int\sec^2x\ dx+\int dx\\ =(\int \sec^2x.\tan^2x\ dx)-\tan x+x+C\\ ...................(i)
Considering only \int \sec^2x.\tan^2x\ dx
let \tan x =t\Rightarrow \sec^2x\ dx =dt

\int \sec^2x\tan^2x\ dx = \int t^2\ dt = t^3/3=\frac{\tan^3x}{3}

now the final solution is,

\int \tan^4x =\frac{\tan^3x}{3}-\tan x+x+C

Question:17 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{\sin ^ 3x + \cos ^ 3x }{\sin ^ 2 x \cos ^2 x }

Answer:

\frac{\sin ^ 3x + \cos ^ 3x }{\sin ^ 2 x \cos ^2 x }

now splitting the terms we can write

\\=\frac{\sin^3x}{\sin^2x.\cos^2x}+\frac{\cos^3x}{\sin^2x.\cos^2x}\\ =\frac{\sin x}{cos^2x}+\frac{\cos x}{\sin^2x}\\ =\tan x.\sec x+\cot xcosec x

Therefore, the integration of
\frac{\sin ^ 3x + \cos ^ 3x }{\sin ^ 2 x \cos ^2 x }

\\=\int (\tan x\sec x+\cot xcosec x)dx\\ =\sec x-cosec\ x+C

Question:18 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{\cos 2 x + 2 \sin ^ 2x }{\cos ^ 2 x }

Answer:

The integral of the above equation is

\\=\int (\frac{\cos 2x+2\sin^2x}{\cos^2x})dx\\ =\int (\frac{\cos 2x+(1-\cos 2x)}{\cos^2x}\\ =\int\frac{1}{\cos^2x}\\ =\int \sec^2x\ dx =\tan x+C

Thus after evaluation, the value of integral is tanx+ c

Question:19 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{1}{\sin x \cos ^3 x }

Answer:

Let
We can write 1 = \sin^2x +\cos^2x
Then, the equation can be written as
I =\frac{\sin^2x +\cos^2x}{\sin x\cos^3x}

I =\int (\tan x+\frac{1}{\tan x})\sec^2 x dx
put the value of tan x = t
So, that \sec^2xdx =dt

\\\Rightarrow I=\int (t+\frac{1}{t})dt\\ =\frac{t^2}{2}+\log\left | t \right |+C\\ =\log\left | \tan x \right |+\frac{1}{2}\tan^2x+C

Question:20 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{\cos 2x }{( \cos x + \sin x )^2}

Answer:

we know that cos2x= cos^2x-sin^2x
therefore,

\frac{\cos 2x }{( \cos x + \sin x )^2}
\frac{\cos 2x}{1+\sin 2x}\\ \Rightarrow \int \frac{\cos 2x}{1+\sin 2x}\\ let 1+sin2x =t \Rightarrow 2cos2x\ dx = dt
Now the given integral can be written as

\therefore \int \frac{\cos 2x}{(\cos x+\sin x)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{1}{t}dt
\\\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\log\left | t \right |+C\\ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\log\left | 1+\sin 2x \right |+C\\=log|sin^2x+cos^2x+2sinxcosx|+C\\=\frac{1}{2}log|(sinx+cosx)^2|+C=log|sinx+cosx|+C

Question:21 Find the integrals of the functions \sin ^ { -1} ( \cos x )

Answer:

using the trigonometric identities we can evaluate the following integral as follows

\dpi{100} \int \sin^{-1}(\cos x)dx = \int \sin^{-1}(sin(\frac{\pi}{2}-x))dx\\=\int(\frac{\pi}{2}-x)dx=\frac{\pi x}{2}-\frac{x^2}{2}+C

Question:22 Find the integrals of the functions \frac{1}{\cos ( x-a ) \cos ( x-b )}

Answer:

Using the trigonometric identities following integrals can be simplified as follows

\frac{1}{\cos(x-a)\cos(x-b)}=\frac{1}{\sin(a-b)}[\frac{\sin(a-b)}{\cos(x-a)\cos(x-b)}]

=\frac{1}{\sin(a-b)}[\frac{\sin[(x-b)-(x-a)]}{\cos(x-a)\cos(x-b)}]

=\frac{1}{\sin(a-b)}[\frac{\sin(x-b)\cos(x-a)-\cos(x-b)\sin(x-a)}{\cos(x-a)\cos(x-b)}]

=\frac{tan(x-b)-\tan (x-a)}{\sin(a-b)}

=\frac{1}{\sin(a-b)}\int tan(x-b)-\tan (x-a)dx
\\=\frac{1}{\sin(a-b)}[-\log\left | \cos(x-b) \right |+\log\left | \cos(x-a) \right |]\\ =\frac{1}{\sin(a-b)}(\log\left | \frac{\cos(x-a)}{\cos(x-b)} \right |)

Question:23 Choose the correct answer

\int \frac{\sin ^ 2 x - \cos ^ 2 x dx }{\sin ^ 2 x \cos ^ 2x } dx \: \:is \: \:equal \: \: to stgdrffd

Answer:

The correct option is (A)

On reducing the above integral becomes \sec^2x-csc^2x
\int\sec^2x-csc^2x\ dx = \tan x+ \cot x+C

Question:24 Choose the correct answer \int \frac{e ^x ( 1+x)}{\cos ^ 2 ( e ^xx )} dx \: \: equals

\\(A) -\cot (ex^x) + C \\\\ (B) \tan (xe^x) + C\\\\ (C) \tan (e^x) + C \\\\ (D) \cot (e^x) + C

Answer:

The correct option is (B)

Let e^xx = t .
So, (e^x.x+ 1.e^x)dx = dt
(1+ x ) e^x\ dx =dt

therefore,

\int \frac{e^x(1+x)}{\cos^2(e^x.x)}dx =\int\frac{dt}{\cos^2t}
\\=\int \sec^2t dt\\ =\tan t +C\\ =\tan(e^x.x)+C



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Also Read| Integrals Class 12 Notes

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